Journal article
Reciprocal associations between early adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States
JA Heerde, A Curtis, JA Bailey, R Smith, SA Hemphill, JW Toumbourou
Journal of Criminal Justice | ELSEVIER | Published : 2019
Abstract
Purpose: Reciprocal prospective associations between adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms were examined. Methods: Seventh grade students (average age 13 years; N = 2314/2348) were surveyed (T1), and then followed-up 12 (T2) and 24 months (T3) later, using the same methods in Washington State, United States and Victoria, Australia. Results: Negative binomial regressions showed antisocial behavior (T1, T2) did not prospectively predict depressive symptoms (T2, T3). T1 multivariate predictors for T2 depressive symptoms included female gender (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.70), prior depressive symptoms (IRR = 1.06), alcohol use (IRR = 1.13), family conflict (IRR = 1.13), antis..
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Grants
Awarded by Westpac Bicentennial Foundation
Funding Acknowledgements
Dr. Heerde is supported by funding provided through a Westpac Bicentennial Foundation Research Fellowship. The authors are grateful for the financial support of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA012140) and the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (R01AA017188) for the International Youth Development Study, and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; 491241). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the sponsors. The funding sources did not have any involvement in the analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the article or the decision to submit the article for publication.